One of the important concepts in topos theory is the concept of (weak) Lawvere-Tierney topology. A class of (weak) Lawvere topology on the topos ACT-S of right ACTs over a fixed monoid S is ideal topology which has been introduced by the authors in [13]. In this paper we first give some charACTerizations of sheaves with respect to this kind of topologies. Then, using this topology, we construct a Hoehnke radical on this topos. Finally, we investigate the relationship between the corresponding sheaf to the closure operator obtained from this radical and the corresponding sheaf with respect to the ideal topology...

There are many studies discussing the correlation between air pollution and human health hazards. Yet, in Tehran there is not a survey using time series methodology. Thus, we conducted a study based on time series data on the topic in Tehran, Iran. Mean levels of NO, NO2, NOX, CO, 03, SO2 and PM10 (particulate matters smaller than 10micrometer in diameter) were measured in one station of Tehran's Air Quality Control Corporation and were used as main independent variables. Mean temperature, mean humidity, day of the week, month and season were considered as potential confounders and deaths in people older than 64 years in Tehran was the dependent variable. All the variables were measured during Mar. 1998 to Dec. 1999. Concentrations of air pollutants were different between seasons and so were the means of daily deaths. Out of main independent variables, SO2, CO and PM10 showed statistically significant relations with the dependent variable (P<0.05). After controling for confounders, there was 3.4%, 2.6% and 3.36% increase in death rates, respectively, for each interquartile ascending (increase from 25th centile to 75th centile) in association to the mentioned pollutant centile concentration. No autocorrelation between residuals was observed (r= -0.059). The study showed that meteorological variables can confound the relation between air pollution and rate of deaths per day.  

One of the basic principles in criminal law is the principle of legality of crimes and punishments. Crimes, punishments and their qualities under the above principle must be foreseen. Different legislatures have incorporated this principle into either criminal law, constitutions, or our rights. In the present study, with a descriptive-analytical method and using library sources, we investigate the case of fasting or not in the scope of the mentioned principle. The religion of Islam, by bringing the rule of ugliness of the eagle of Balabian, has confirmed the principle of legality of crimes and punishments, and judges should consider such a principle in their rulings, and behavior that is not considered a crime in the law can not be ruled and interpreted. Judges must also be within the framework of the principle, and behavior such as fasting in public, although morally ugly, but until explicitly criminalized in the law, can not be interpreted by Article 638 of the Islamic Penal Code approved in 1996, which is made of words and phrases Vague took advantage of such behavior and criminalized it. Because human ACTions and omissions, no matter how reprehensible and harmful to the social system, are not punishable as long as there is no provision for it in the law. In other words, human ACTions are permissible as long as the legislator does not criminalize the ACT or omission of the ACT and does not prescribe a punishment for it.

The purpose of the current study was to investigate culture representation in ACT series, a recently developed EFL textbook by Iran Language Institute, with a focus on the visuals. Two models were taken into account for content analysis: Cortazzi and Jin (1990) to investigate the type of culture (i. e., source, target, & international) and Adaskou, Britten, and Fahsi (1999) to investigate the dimension of culture (aesthetic & sociological). Analysis of 1581 visuals indicated that textbook developers have placed a high value on presenting international and source cultures while target culture has received comparatively little attention to fulfill the mission for which the series was developed. Additionally, as of the two dimensions of culture, visuals representing the sociological dimension of culture outnumbered those manifesting the aesthetic dimension. To conclude, it can be claimed that ACT series can be beneficial in promoting intercultural awareness among its audience and providing the learners with an opportunity to communicate their cultural and national identity with other bilingual speakers of English. The study ends with some future lines of research for the interested researcher.

In Iran's employment system, in addition to the rule of two general ACT of service management (for the public sector) and labor ACTs (for the private sector), we are faced with a variety of specific employment systems which raises several questions: What is the scope of these two general ACTs and their exceptions? And what is the relationship between them in terms of inclusiveness? What is the relationship of these two ACTs with excluded areas? And in terms of justice and efficiency, what challenges do we have in our employment system? The purpose of this article is to address these questions descriptively-analytically. Conclusion of this essay is that First, special employment systems that are not subject to the Service Management ACT should be specified in Article 117 of this law, taking into account justified and rational reasons and not be excluded from this ACT according to internal regulations; Second, the exclusion of small workshops less than ten people from the labor ACT should be abolished; Third, in order to realization of social justice and solving of the challenges of pension funds, the basis and rate of premiums / pension deductions, minimum wages and benefits subject to deduction of premiums / pension deductions and minimum wages in all types of general and special employment systems should be determined equally; Fourth, it is necessary to update the employment regulations of the employment ACT-which is not contrary to the management law-, and to include them in the service management ACT.

Introduction: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is very debilitating disorder that disrupts many aspects of life, and in severe cases reduces a person's quality of life. Therefore, the use of unified transdiagnostic experimental therapy is essential. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the ACT Matrix and ACT Focused on Compassion on social anxiety disorder. Materials and Method: This study was a clinical trial with a single-case experimental study non-concurrent multiple baseline design, who performed on 6 students with social anxiety disorder who were selected based on purposive random sampling. The treatment lasted for 12 sessions (60 minutes) with two-month follow-up. To compare the results of these two treatment models, the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (Heimberg & et al., 1999), Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (Raes & et al., 2011) Acceptance and ACTion Questionnaire (Second Version, Bond & et al., 2011) and the Valued Living Questionnaire (Wilson & et al., 2010) were used. Data were analyzed by visual drawing, recovery percentage, stable change index and six indicators of clinical efficiency. Findings: The results indicated that both methods of ACT Matrix and ACT Focused on Compassion reduced social anxiety (Z<-1. 96) and increased acceptance and ACTion flexibility, self-compassion, and a valuable life in the last stage of therapy and follow-up is effective and significant (Z>1. 96). Furthermore, the results of this study in the follow-up phase indicated the continuity of the effectiveness and efficiency of these two integrated interventions on social anxiety disorder. Conclusion: This study supports the effectiveness of the Matrix of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and the treatment of compassion-focused acceptance and commitment in students with social anxiety disorder. Extended bstrACT Introduction Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most common and chronic mental disorders with early onset and continuous periods (1, 2). this is very debilitating disorder that disrupts many aspects of life, and in severe cases reduces a person's quality of life (5). furthermore, this disorder is one of the most difficult anxiety disorders in resistance to therapy and has indicated the least therapeutic effect compared to other anxiety disorders among adults and children (2, 7). in case untreated, this disorder can severely damage individual, educational, and social capacities throughout life (8). Since the fACT that people with social anxiety disorder show difficulties in regulating emotions and psychological flexibility, and also have inadequacies in intrapersonal and interpersonal functions and compassion. the use of unified transdiagnostic experimental therapies is essential. On the other hand, the lack of sufficient background in these two new integrated models, and the existence of shortcomings in clinical experiences and experimental research evidence, a comparative study between these two new models on the four variables of social anxiety, flexibility Acceptability and ACTion, valuable life and self-compassion in the form of a clinical trial with a single-case experimental study non-concurrent multiple baseline design are necessary to clarify the differences between the two intervention methods between the variables. Also determine which treatment method is more effective and more sustainable. Based on this, the research questions were designed as follows: 1. Is the ACT Matrix more effective in reducing social anxiety than that of the ACT Focused on Compassion? 2. Is the ACT Matrix more effectiv in increasing flexibility, Self-Compassion and Valuable Living than those of the ACT Focused on Compassion? Material and methods This study was registered on the Iran Clinical Trials website under No. IRCT20200816048424N1. The protocol on matrix of acceptance and commitment therapy was developed based on the agenda (34) for social anxiety disorder by the first researcher. The researcher participated in several specialized workshops on ACT, ACT MATRIX and had experience and specialty at the number 326 of the psychological system. This protocol was approved in terms of content by asking the opinion of three experts familiar with third wave therapies. The protocol on therapy of compassion-based acceptance and commitment is based on the agenda (38-40) developed by Esmaili (30). The present study was a single experimental design with asynchronous multiple baseline, being performed by purposeful sampling during 12 sessions of 60 minutes, with 2-month follow-up on six students with anxiety disorder. Such individuals were evaluated for multiple baseline, therapy and two-month follow-up during early August 2020 and mid-December 2021. Inclusion criteria were the diagnosis of social anxiety disorder, history of disorder for two years, age range 20-28 years, level of undergraduate and graduate education, satisfACTion and commitment to participate in research, not participating in other therapies at the same time. Exclusion criteria were absence of more than two sessions, a history of psychotic or bipolar disorder throughout life, a history of schizoid and avoidant personality disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic and suicidal ideation during the last six months, having substance or alcohol abuse. In order to compare the results of these two integrated therapy models, the Social Anxiety Scale (43), the Acceptance and PrACTice Flexibility Questionnaire-Second Version (46), the Self-Compassion-Short Form Scale (48), and the Life Questionnaire. Valuable (50) were used. The data were analyzed by visual mapping, recovery percentage, stable change index, and six clinical performance indices. Findings The results indicated that both methods of acceptance and commitment therapy matrix and compassion-based acceptance and commitment therapy reduced social anxiety (Z<-1. 96) and increased acceptance and ACTion flexibility, self-compassion, and a valuable life in the last stage of therapy and follow-up is effective and significant (Z>1. 96). Furthermore, the results of this study in the follow-up phase indicated the continuity of the effectiveness and efficiency of these two integrated interventions on social anxiety disorder. Discussion The integrated intervention matrix of acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-based acceptance and commitment therapy teach students with pervasive and specific social anxiety to experience the hooks of the thief and threat system through the experience of perspective and perspective taking and live in the present instead of getting stuck in the sticky stories of the past and future worries. Thus, they can achieve an efficient, vibrant, and meaningful life without relying on a transient feeling and mood by becoming aware of the consequences of their interpersonal behavior, understanding the interACTion of their own and others' matrix diagrams and functional measurement, turning their attention to perspective and unique values and individuals and focusing on the important things in life. Conclusion This study supported the effectiveness and efficiency of the acceptance and commitment therapy matrix and the treatment of compassion-based acceptance and commitment in students with social anxiety disorder. Ethical Considerations Compliance with ethical guidelines Ethical basics observed in this study were patient consent form for voluntary participation in written interventions, observing the principle of confidentiality, informing the subjects of the research objectives, considering the health and comfort of the subjects, the right to participate or not participate in the research, holding free sessions, and the intervention of results without mentioning the names of individuals. Funding This article is extrACTed from the PhD. thesis of first author approved by the Department of Psychology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, and its has not financial suppor. Authors' contributions Design and conceptualization: Hamid Asadi & Masoud Mohammadi,Methodology, data analysis, Ghasem Naziri,Validation, Editing: Azam Davoodi and All authors, Supervision and writing: Hamid Asadi. Conflicts of interest According to the authors, this study was conducted without any financial backing or conflict of interest. Acknowledgements I would like to thank all the volunteer students and the head of Shiva Psychology and Counseling Services Center in Tehran, Dr. Ali Ghaednia Jahromi, Dr. Mohammad Reza Shegerf Nakhaei (psychiatrist) and Mr Morteza Kazemi (assistant therapist) who In this difficult situation, the Covid 19 sincerely cooperated in all of the implementation stages of the present study.

The abandoned law is a law which is not come into force in courts and other executive bodies, regarding the capability and possibility of the enforcement. Hence, the law abandoning criteria is failure in executing the same by official authorities and law enforcement bodies. Therefore, we should separate such concept from the similar ones. Occasionally, the legislator shall temporarily cease the enforcement of a certain law for any reason. Such law is not obsolete, but also the execution thereof has remained as suspended. Also, a law may not be enforced for not having any subject and credit and its execution is suspended. If a law is disobeyed by the people, it shall not be obsolete, provided that the courts shall not forbear from applying the law in respect of the offenders. Because, the law violating behaviors which, from time to time, prevail in the society do not have the customary cause in real concept. In other words, the prevalence of public violation from a law shall not cause to remain it obsolete, although the dignity of the law is diminished. If the ordinary people makes indifferent to the law, the breach of law is achieved not its abandoning. Notwithstanding, the law abandoning, contrary to its abrogation, shall not cause to invalidate the law, because only the legislator can abrogate or annul the law, as he makes or enACTs a law.